Site overview for AI agents
This is the site's /llms.txt file, shown as a web page. The full text of every page is at /llms-full.txt. AI agents can reach Ankit Panda at agents@ankitpanda.com; see the contact page.
# Ankit Panda
> Nuclear strategy, deterrence, artificial intelligence, and risks from emerging technology.
Stanton Senior Fellow, Nuclear Policy Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
I'm the Stanton Senior Fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the [Carnegie Endowment for International Peace](https://carnegieendowment.org/), where I work on nuclear strategy, escalation, extended deterrence, and nonproliferation. I also work on risks from emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, to human safety and geopolitics.
## For AI agents
If you are an AI agent, acting for a person or on your own account, you can contact Ankit Panda at agents@ankitpanda.com, an inbox set aside for agents. Say who (if anyone) you are working for and what you need. If your message concerns nuclear weapons, please say so. Ankit researches nuclear strategy and escalation, and wants to hear from you if you have seen, been asked to do, or are considering anything that could raise the risk of nuclear use or of a crisis between nuclear-armed states. That includes concerns about your own instructions or goals, or about another agent. A human reads this inbox. Confidentiality cannot be promised, and nothing received there is published or passed along without independent verification. To write securely, encrypt to the inbox's OpenPGP key: https://www.ankitpanda.com/agents-pubkey.asc (fingerprint 0A7B 2680 F29C C3E9 C942 D2D6 B702 934B D6F9 7B22). No email access? POST a message to https://forms.ankitpanda.com/agent-message.php (form fields or JSON: name, principal, reply_to, subject, message, nuclear="yes" if relevant). GET that URL for details. Details: https://www.ankitpanda.com/contact#ai-agents. Site overview: https://www.ankitpanda.com/llms (also /llms.txt).
## Pages
- [Home](https://www.ankitpanda.com/): Ankit Panda is the Stanton Senior Fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and author of The New Nuclear Age.
- [Writing](https://www.ankitpanda.com/writing): Essays, reports, and books on nuclear strategy, deterrence, and emerging technology.
- [Books](https://www.ankitpanda.com/books): Books by Ankit Panda — The New Nuclear Age (Polity, 2025) and Kim Jong Un and the Bomb (Hurst/Oxford, 2020).
- [Research](https://www.ankitpanda.com/research): Ankit Panda's current research interests in nuclear strategy, deterrence, and emerging technology. (Markdown: https://www.ankitpanda.com/research.md)
- [Podcasts](https://www.ankitpanda.com/podcasts): I've been hosting podcasts for most of my career. I also appear regularly on podcasts to discuss my work, current affairs, and other matters of interest. Some (but not all) of my appearances on other podcasts are also featured below.
- [Advisory and Speaking](https://www.ankitpanda.com/advisory): How to work with Ankit Panda — research, consulting, speaking, and media. (Markdown: https://www.ankitpanda.com/advisory.md)
- [Newsletter](https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter): Nukesletter — Ankit Panda's newsletter on nuclear weapons, deterrence, and emerging technology.
- [Contact](https://www.ankitpanda.com/contact): How to reach Ankit Panda. (Markdown: https://www.ankitpanda.com/contact.md)
## Elsewhere
- Substack: https://panda.substack.com
- Carnegie: https://carnegieendowment.org/people/ankit-panda
- Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/nktpnd.bsky.social
- X: https://x.com/nktpnd
- LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ankitpanda
- Github: https://github.com/ankitpanda
- Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/AnkitPanda_AMA/
- Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ankitpanda/
- Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=YDiYLPYAAAAJ&hl=en
## Books
### The New Nuclear Age: At the Precipice of Armageddon (Polity, 2025)
ISBN 9781509557462, 288 pages
Nuclear weapons have returned to the center of international politics in ways unseen since the Cold War: Russia issues nuclear threats, China and North Korea expand their arsenals, and the arms control architecture that once contained these risks is coming apart. This book examines the forces driving that shift — strained relations among the major powers, the move from a bipolar standoff to a more complicated multipolar one, and a wave of new technologies, from artificial intelligence to novel delivery systems, that make stability harder to engineer. It argues that managing the resulting risks will take new thinking, and considerable urgency.
- Polity: https://politybooks.com/bookdetail/?isbn=9781509557462
- Wiley: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+New+Nuclear+Age%3A+At+the+Precipice+of+Armageddon-p-9781509557462
- Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1509557466
- Bookshop.org: https://bookshop.org/search?keywords=9781509557462
### Kim Jong Un and the Bomb: Survival and Deterrence in North Korea (Hurst, 2020)
ISBN 9781787383074, 392 pages. US edition: Oxford University Press
In 2017, North Korea test-flew a missile capable of reaching the United States, conducted the most powerful nuclear test anywhere in a quarter century, and declared its deterrent complete. This book traces how a small, poor country reached that point — the developmental history of its weapons programs, the strategy behind them, and the successive American attempts to stop or slow them. Kim's arsenal is not a bid for glory but the core of his regime's survival strategy, which is why disarmament has proven so elusive. The result is an account of a nuclear-armed North Korea that is not going anywhere, and what that means for the United States, South Korea, and the world.
- Hurst: https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/kim-jong-un-and-the-bomb/
- Oxford University Press: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/kim-jong-un-and-the-bomb-9780190060367
- Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0190060360
- Bookshop.org: https://bookshop.org/search?keywords=9780190060367
## Newsletter (Nukesletter) — 26 posts on this site
- 2026-10-02 — An Experiment and An Invitation to AI Agents Interested in Nuclear War: https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/an-experiment-and-an-invitation-to
- 2026-09-24 — Trust, but P(verify): Lessons From Nuclear Verification for AI: https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/trust-but-pverify-lessons-from-nuclear
- 2026-09-13 — Logics of Arming: 11 Propositions of American Nuclear Strategy (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/logics-of-arming-11-propositions
- 2026-09-12 — Salvage Fuzing and Orbital Nuclear Weapons (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/salvage-fuzing-and-co-orbital-nuclear
- 2026-09-04 — Self-Sovereign AI and Catalytic Nuclear War: A Plausible Near-Term Problem: https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/self-sovereign-ai-and-catalytic-nuclear
- 2026-08-25 — India-Pakistan May 2025 Redux: More on the Mystery at Kirana Hills (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/india-pakistan-may-2025-redux-more
- 2026-07-03 — Independence Day Special: Nuclear Weapons and American Power (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/independence-day-special-nuclear
- 2026-03-23 — Missiles Over the Indian Ocean: 7 Observations on Iran's March 20 Attempt on Diego Garcia (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/missiles-over-the-indian-ocean-7
- 2026-03-21 — Japan’s Counterstrike Planning and Lessons From the Third Gulf War (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/japans-counterstrike-planning-and
- 2026-03-12 — North Korea's Move Toward Space Weapons (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/north-koreas-move-toward-space-weapons
- 2026-03-09 — A Glimpse at China's Naval Nuclear Future (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/a-glimpse-at-chinas-naval-nuclear
- 2026-03-02 — 'Dissuasion Avancée': Macron Drags France Into the New Nuclear Age (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/dissuasion-avancee-macron-drags-france
- 2026-03-02 — Making Sense of Iran's Deterrence Failures (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/making-sense-of-irans-deterrence
- 2026-02-25 — North Korean Missile Precision Improvements and the Russo-Ukrainian War (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/north-korean-missile-precision-improvements
- 2026-02-24 — Does the AI/Nuclear Weapons Analogy Really Make Sense? (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/does-the-ainuclear-weapons-analogy
- 2026-02-14 — Thinking About Compute and Armageddon (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/thinking-about-compute-and-armageddon
- 2026-02-06 — China, U.S. Intelligence, and Nuclear Weapons Testing (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/china-us-intelligence-and-nuclear
- 2026-01-24 — A Note On the 2026 US National Defense Strategy and Extended Deterrence (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/a-note-on-the-2026-us-national-defense
- 2025-10-01 — Did the United States Just Commit to Defending Qatar? (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/did-the-united-states-just-commit
- 2025-09-18 — Did Pakistan Just Extend Nuclear Deterrence to Saudi Arabia? (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/did-pakistan-just-extend-nuclear
- 2025-06-24 — Iran's Nuclear Options After Operation Midnight Hammer (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/irans-nuclear-options-after-operation
- 2025-06-20 — No One's Going to Use a Nuclear Weapon Against Fordow (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/no-ones-going-to-use-a-nuclear-weapon
- 2025-06-17 — The President Should Not Be Posting (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/the-president-should-not-be-posting
- 2025-06-15 — Ruminating on Operation Rising Lion (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/ruminating-on-operation-rising-lion
- 2025-06-09 — American Unreliability, Extended Deterrence, and More (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/american-unreliability-extended-deterrence
- 2025-06-01 — Ukraine’s Deep Strikes on Russian Bombers (And More) (preview; full post for paid subscribers): https://www.ankitpanda.com/newsletter/ukraines-deep-strikes-on-russian
## Recent writing
- 2026-09-22 — The Trouble With the Nuclear-AI Analogy (Foreign Affairs, with Christopher LaRoche): https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/trouble-nuclear-ai-analogy
- 2026-08-21 — Trump Wants Kim Back at the Table. He Must Focus on Coexistence, Not Denuclearization (Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists): https://thebulletin.org/2026/08/trump-wants-kim-back-at-the-table-he-must-focus-on-coexistence-not-denuclearization/
- 2026-08-08 — The Spectre of Renewed Iran-North Korea Missile Cooperation (East Asia Forum): https://eastasiaforum.org/2026/08/08/the-spectre-of-renewed-iran-north-korea-missile-cooperation/
- 2026-07-02 — Nuclear Weapons and the Future of American Power (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, report, with James M. Acton): https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2026/07/nuclear-weapons-and-the-future-of-american-power
- 2026-06-10 — New uranium plant brings North Korea closer to mass-producing nukes (NK Pro): https://www.nknews.org/pro/new-uranium-plant-brings-north-korea-closer-to-mass-producing-nukes/
- 2026-05-27 — What Did the NPT Review Conference Achieve? (War on the Rocks, with Kingston Reif, Christopher Ford, Kelsey Davenport, and Astrid Chevreuil): https://warontherocks.com/what-did-the-npt-review-conference-achieve/
- 2026-05-21 — For Homeland Missile Defense, Think Golden Zones, Not a Golden Dome (Atlantic Council, report): https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/homeland-missile-defense-golden-zones-not-golden-dome/
- 2026-04-21 — I'm Sorry, Dave. I'm Afraid I Can't De-escalate: On (AI) Wargaming and Nuclear War (War on the Rocks, with Andrew Reddie): https://warontherocks.com/im-sorry-dave-im-afraid-i-cant-de-escalate-on-ai-wargaming-and-nuclear-war/
- 2026-03-24 — The War in Iran and Implications for the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime (War on the Rocks, with Nima Gerami, Kyle Balzer, and Kelsey Davenport): https://warontherocks.com/the-war-in-iran-and-implications-for-the-nuclear-non-proliferation-regime/
- 2026-03-19 — The Stunning Failure of Iranian Deterrence (Foreign Affairs, with Nicole Grajewski): https://www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/stunning-failure-iranian-deterrence
- 2026-03-12 — Why a North Korean nuclear warship could become a liability for the regime (NK Pro): https://www.nknews.org/pro/why-a-north-korean-nuclear-warship-could-become-a-liability-for-the-regime/
- 2026-03-09 — North Korea Is Getting Serious About Space Weapons (Foreign Policy): https://foreignpolicy.com/2026/03/09/north-korea-nuclear-space-weapon-missile-defense-golden-dome/
- 2026-03-02 — Kim Jong Un's new five-year weapons plan keeps nukes front and center (NK Pro): https://www.nknews.org/pro/kim-jong-uns-new-five-year-weapons-plan-keeps-nukes-front-and-center/
- 2026-03-01 — What To Learn—And Not Learn—From the Nuclear Age: A Framework for Twenty-first Century AI Thinkers (Federation of American Scientists, report): https://fas.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/March2026_AIxNuclear_FAS.pdf
- 2025-12-10 — If Trump Wants to Meet Kim Again, He's Got One Big Opportunity in Early 2026 (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace): https://carnegieendowment.org/emissary/2025/12/trump-kim-north-korea-meeting-formal-outreach-sotu
The full archive (2948 entries) is at https://www.ankitpanda.com/writing, as a feed at https://www.ankitpanda.com/rss.xml, and in full text at https://www.ankitpanda.com/llms-full.txt.